The Tycoon Report

Have a Portfolio You Can Be Proud Of

Wednesday, August 19, 2009 | Teeka Tiwari

There are times in life when you do everything you’re supposed to do, but things still don’t work out. Because of its very nature, this can happen quite often in the stock market.  

Frustrating, isn’t it?  

It's easy to be hard on yourself for a hastily made position, whether you bought without careful consideration or sold too soon when patience might have paid off.  But personalizing these decisions is probably the absolute worst thing a trader can do.

There’s nothing personal about the stock market.  It doesn’t care where you went to school, who you know or what religion you follow. And it’s the only area in life where you are graded on your success or failure virtually every minute of every day.  

That’s a lot of pressure for the uninitiated, and newer investors have an especially hard time adjusting to some of the uglier realities of investing in the stock market. 

This is where good risk management comes into play.  If you’re betting the ranch on every trade, then you’ve got a right to be nervous.

It's time to start sleeping better at night, knowing you've done all you can to position your portfolio for both profits and protection. Here's how.

Spreading the Wealth Means Generating Even More

The first lesson of stock speculation is good capital management.  That means knowing exactly how much you are willing to allocate to stock speculation. 

The second part is figuring out how much you want to risk on each individual trade.  Remember that even most pros are wrong more often than right. 

However, what separates the pros from the amateurs is good money management.  Pros don’t bet it all on one idea and hope it works out.  They spread their investments around, let their winners run and have a very clearly defined set of limits on how much of their capital they are willing to lose on one given trade. 

Most professional money managers won’t risk more than 2%-5% of their total capital on a single trade, and 5% is really pushing it.  In my experience, the majority top out at around 3.5%.

How Not to Lose $100,000

Let’s say you have a $100,000 portfolio.  Does it mean that you invest no more than $5,000 into any one idea?  (Assuming that you are using the 5% max loss rate.) 

Yes and no. 

Let me explain.

If you’re buying stocks, then what you would do is simply figure out what your stop-loss is on the stock trade.  A stop-loss on a stock is a point where, if the stock hits it, it’s telling you that you got it wrong and you should bail.  

This is where stock charts can come in very handy. The charts clearly show support levels for most stocks, and you can simply place your stop-loss point below the support level.

Once you know how low you are prepared to let the stock go, you can then figure out how much to invest.

Here’s an example using our hypothetical $100,000 portfolio.  The shares of ABC Company are trading at $20, and the chart shows support at $18.50, and you decide that $18 is a good stop-loss point. 

If you’re using a max loss of 5% on a $100,000 portfolio, that’s $5,000 per trade that you are willing to risk. 

To figure out how many shares you can buy, you would simply divide the amount you’re willing to risk ($5,000) by the amount of points between your purchase price ($20) and your stop-loss point ($18).

The difference is 2 points, and $5,000 divided by 2 equals 2,500.  This shows us that we can buy 2,500 shares at $20 with an $18 stop-loss for a theoretical maximum risk of $5,000.

Why do I say theoretical?  Because stocks can gap down and trade through stop-loss points.  The stop-loss is not a guarantee; in a fast market, a stock may gap down significantly before your order ever gets processed.

So, what’s a trader to do?

Spend Less Money to Control the Same-Size Position

This is where options come into play. 

Most new traders make the mistake of buying options the same way they buy stocks.  That is, if they normally buy $10,000 worth of stocks at a time, they then go ahead and buy $10,000 worth of options at a time.

DO NOT DO THAT!  YOU WILL GO BROKE!

The way to buy options is to use the same methodology as before except, instead of tying up $50,000 (2,500 shares at $20) you simply take the risk capital portion of that investment (the $5,000 that you were prepared to actually risk) and use only that amount to buy the options. 

What About Setting Stops on Options?

The amount you committed to the option essentially becomes your “stop-loss.”

In whippy markets like the one we find ourselves in now, stop-loss points can be very easily triggered and the stock can turn right around again and break out to the upside!

It's not unusual to see a stock soar and sink within one trading day and, in turn, their options fluctuate even-more-dramatically.

The option gives you huge staying power that direct equity ownership cannot.  You have peace of mind knowing that your maximum loss can be no greater than the $5,000. 

No matter what the stock does on the downside, you are protected.  On the upside, you have huge leverage because of the very nature of options.  

In fact, the great thing about options is that you can spend significantly LESS than that amount to control the same-size stock position that you might have been planning to buy.

Remember, just because you have a certain amount of capital, does not mean you have to spend it all in one place.

Your trading account would be better-served to have your money working for you in various, diverse positions, as well as in cash so that you always have some powder dry when the next great opportunity comes along.





Teeka Tiwari
Chief Investment Officer
ETF Master Trader